Parker vs. Twentieth-Century Fox Corp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Parker vs. Twentieth-Century Fox Corp - Essay Example Facts The plaintiff is well known as an actress and in the contract signed by the defendant and the plaintiff; at times she is referred to as the artist. According to the contract as of the 6th of August 1965, she was meant to play female lead role in the contemplated production of Bloomer Girl, a movie by the defendant. The contract provided that the plaintiff would be paid a guaranteed minimum compensation of $53,571.42 every week for the fourteen weeks commencing the 23rd of May 1965. The total pay amounted to seventy five thousand dollars. Before May of 1966, the defendant decided against the picture’s production and in a letter dated 4th April 1966 notified the plaintiff of the very same decision telling her that it would not be in compliance with their earlier obligations under the written contract (Blond 25). In the same letter, the defendant, with a professed purpose meant to â€Å"avoid any damage† to the plaintiff, instead gave the plaintiff the leading actres s role in yet another film. This film was tentatively titled â€Å"Big Country, Big Man†, referred to hereafter as â€Å"Big Country†. The defendant offered an identical compensation, as they did with thirty-one of the other thirty-four articles or provisions of the original contract. However, Bloomer Girl, as compared to Big Country, was a Western type, dramatic movie, not a musical like the earlier Bloomer Girl. Bloomer Girl was to have been shot in California while Big Country’s location was in Australia. In addition, other certain terms in the contract proffered varied from the contract drawn up initially. The plaintiff was given 1 week to accept the offer, which she failed to do until the offer elapsed. The plaintiff hereby commenced the court case seeking the agreed guaranteed compensation’s recovery (Mann and Barry 45). The complaint set two causes of action forth. Firstly, she wanted monetary compensation due under the previous contract. Secondly, she wanted to sue for damages that resulted from a breach of contract by the defendant. In its answer, the defendant admitted the existence, as well as the validity of the contract, and that the plaintiff complied with all the promises, covenants, and conditions of the contract. She was also ready to comply with the completion of the performance and that she had anticipatorily repudiated and breached the signed contract. However, the defendant denied owing any money to the plaintiff, either under the terms of the contract or resulting from its breach and pleaded an affirmative defense to both causes of the plaintiff’s action. They assert that she willfully failed to mitigate damages, asserting that she turned down, unreasonably, and its offer of a leading role in the film Big Country. The plaintiff moved for summary judgment under the code of civil procedure section 437c. She was granted the motion and summary judgment for seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars with additi onal interest (Mann et al. 72). Issue Whether a secondary offer, of employment was enough to mitigate the damages from the contract’s breach and whether summary judgment should stand. Decision Summary was granted where facts are presented that give rise to an issue that is factually triable and not in dispute. The salary amount agreed upon acts as the measure of recovery minus the amount earned by

Plato and Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Plato and Cinema - Essay Example The way Plato looks at art should be understood within the context of his larger enterprise, the Republic, where his views on aesthetics are located. What exactly is the status of art for Plato? The Platonic view of art is rather pessimistic. He believes that the state should be governed by reason, in the same way, that an individual if s/he is to be a just individual, should have the â€Å"passions and the appetites governed by reason† (Albert et. al., 1980, p.25). Considering how the ideal state is conceived as one where everyone and everything must work for the good of society, art, in general, is conceived as being subservient to the state in that sense. If art is to be practiced or engaged in at all, it must be in a form that promotes a just society. In discussing how a person acquires knowledge and skills, Plato argues that from childhood, a person learns through imitating that to which s/he is exposed. As such, if the state is to raise up guardians, then these guardians -to-be need exposure only to those that promote the virtues, and not to those that arouse negative or ill attitudes. In the Republic, Plato states: If then we adhere to our original notion and bear in mind that our guardians, setting aside every other business, are to dedicate themselves wholly to the maintenance of freedom in the State,†¦ they ought not to practice or imitate anything else; if they imitate at all, they should imitate from youth upward only those characters which are suitable to their profession – the courageous, temperate, holy, free, and the like.  

Beauty Myth Essay Example for Free

Beauty Myth Essay The beauty myth, how what others perceive as what beauty is can, will be and has been used against women. Advertising agencies and Hollywood are portraying to young girls and women that youth, beauty and love go together to make a complete and happy existence in life. From reality television shows such as Toddlers and Tiaras, to youth clothing stores such as Justice, and Dove beauty ads geared toward women of all ages the portrayal of having to be pretty is everywhere you look. Toddlers and Tiaras is a reality television show of the behind the scenes events of child beauty pageants. The children on the show are spray tanned, wear makeup, and wear fake hair. And the thing that baffles me most about all of this is that the children are all under the age of 7. I don’t know of anyone that doesn’t remember what happened to Jon Benet who was a child beauty queen but yet there are still hundreds of parents that a dress up their children like little dolls and put them on national television for the world to see. These little kids are being told to be more beautiful or for the boys to be more handsome, and to excel at their looks at such a young age when the focus should be on teaching them fundamentals of life and to love themselves as they are. The picture above is from the show’s website on TLC online. All of the little girls are so beautiful before and look absolutely ridiculous after they are all done up. This type of show has made me shy away from watching anything of TLC because I don’t want to support a company that will exploit children in that way. TLC also has a spinoff of one of the contestants that is too old for the Toddlers and Tiaras show and she has her own show now called Here Comes Honey Boo-Boo. It is yet another show that I will not watch because it makes me angry not only towards the station but also towards the parents of all of these children. On a more personal note, I recently went shopping for my goddaughter who turned 6 years old. I went shopping for clothes for her and she is the first little girl that I have shopped for in the last ten years so it amazed me how hard it was to find clothes for her that seemed age appropriate. A lot of the stores I went to, Justice included, had very few clothes that didn’t resemble those of clothing you would find in the juniors or adult sections also. My goddaughter is a little girl who is a tomboy and she doesn’t like a lot of the clothes that are covered in glitter and words, but she is also getting older and doesn’t always want to wear the t-shirts with cartoon characters on them either. It makes me wonder what little girls clothes will look like when I have children. I would want them to look like little kids, not little kids playing dress up. Advertising agencies aren’t much better than stores, marketing, and television. My recent experiences watching television commercials and ads on you tube led me to the Dove website. There is a link on the website with their social mission, it is: Anxiety about beauty begins at an early age, and can even keep girls from doing what they love. You can change that with a conversation. Reach out to the girl in your life and talk to her about beauty, confidence and self-esteem. There is a lot about this statement that I like, and I would like it all if I had not previously seen Dove ads on you tube and television on the â€Å"evolution of beauty†. In a sixty second ad they change a plain, pretty girl into an exquisitely beautiful one with her hair done and makeup on. The mission statement on the Dove website is great; everything they say in it is spot on for young girls and even young men. But they should state that beauty comes in all forms. So many young people are trying to alter their appearances with makeup and jewelry and various hairstyles and hair colors; they need to also be told that natural is beautiful too. These days you can’t turn on the television or even the radio without hearing and seeing ads for laser hair removal or lasik eye surgery to eliminate glasses, all things that have been made to be seen as unbecoming in the looks department. In the past there was a television reality show called â€Å"The Swan† which was a makeover show where they take a woman or man that is seen as â€Å"ugly† in society and change their appearance so drastically that they are almost unrecognizable to their friends and family. Other reality television shows that I can think of off the top of my head are â€Å"What Not to Wear†, â€Å"Queer Eye for the Straight Guy† and â€Å"Extreme Makeover Weight Loss Edition†. So many shows that basically start with telling people how ugly they are personally or even just the clothes they choose to wear make them ugly. It all reminds me of a quote that I heard a lot growing up and that is â€Å"Beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder†. Just because what I think is pretty someone else may not, does not make it ugly and vice versa.

Coach Variables Effect on Motivation and Performance

Coach Variables Effect on Motivation and Performance An Experimental study of the Independent and Interactive Effects of ‘Coach Variables’ on the motivation and performance of Rugby ‘Forwards’ INTRODUCTION Rugby is a hugely popular international sport (UKRFU[1], 2006; USARFU[2], 2006). Two teams of 13 players each, play the sport by kicking, passing, or carrying a ball. In order to win a team must score more ‘points’ than its opponent. Points can be achieved by a ‘try’ (5 points) or a ‘goal’ (3 points). The former entails touching the ball to the ground beyond a line in the opponents half (more points can be earned by performing a ‘place kick’ or drop kick’ conversion). A goal involves kicking the ball over the opponents cross bar (in the form of a penalty kick or drop kick). It is essential that the players are motivated. Research has shown that player motivation is partly dependent on coach variables (Tammen, 1997; Allen Howe, 1998; Cumming, 2002; Reinboth et al, 2004). In particular player aggressiveness, an important aspect of rugby, is influenced by coach input (Abd-Aziz, 1998; Guivernau-Rojas, 2001). Certain coaches are better able to ‘drive’ their players to victory than other coaches, for example by providing better feedback, frequent praise and encouragement, tactical advise, and corrective information. How players perceive their coach is critical (Mavi, 2004). Social psychological on literature (Norman, 1976; Lui Standing, 1989; Aronson, 1995; Eagly Chaiken, 1993; Pornpitakpan, 2004) suggests that characteristics such as credibility, likeability, and trustworthiness, may significantly determine a coaches’ motivational effectiveness. For example, a likeable coach may be more effective at encouraging his ‘forwards’ (‘tight-five’/’front five’ and ‘loose forwards’) to achieve successful try’s and goals. A review of the relevant literature (e.g. ‘PsychINFO’, ‘Academic Search Premier’), revealed a paucity of rugby research in this area. AIMS/HYPOTHESES The study proposed here aims to evaluate the effects of coach variables – credibility, likeability, and trustworthiness – on the performance of rugby players, particularly the ‘tight-five’/‘front-five’ and ‘loose forwards’. Consistent with previous research on communicator variables (e.g. Pornpitakpan, 2004), the following hypotheses are proposed with respect to player/team performance: A credible will achieve more try’s/goals than a non-credible coach. A trustworthy coach will achieve more try’s/goals than an untrustworthy coach. A likeable coach will achieve more try’s/goals than a disliked coach. Interactions (two-way and three-way) between these coach characteristics will influence the achievement of try’s/goals. METHODOLOGY Setting The study will be set up as a field experiment. The setting will be the premises of several local rugby clubs. Design The study will be based on a between-groups experimental design. There will be three independent variables: coach expertise (high/low/placebo/no treatment control), likeability (high/low), and trustworthiness (high/low). This will translate into a 4 x 2 x 2 between groups factorial design, using multivariate analysis of covariance (Coolican, 1994). Thus, in effect, there will be 16 experimental conditions. The dependent variables will consist of players reported motivation (after a match) and the number of successful try’s and goals during a match. Attempts will be made to control for important background variables, including player experience, weight, height, and, baseline motivational levels, and score history. Sample The sample will comprise several different teams of rugby players, recruited from schools, universities, and clubs in the local area. The target (i.e. minimum) sample size is 160 players, with at least 10 players per factorial cell. Stimulus Materials Prior arrangements would have been made with team officials to substitute the original team coaches with a stooge coach. Players will be informed that a new coach will temporarily ‘substitute’ their regular coach, who is unable to attend due to a prior family engagement. Two or three stooge coaches will be used, one for each team. Manipulation of independent variables will occur as follows: (Expertise): players will be informed by the researcher that their new coach is an ex-rugby player with either ≠¥10 years coaching experience or a newly qualified coach with (Likeability): Each stooge coach will act in either a friendly fashion (e.g. smiling, encouraging players), or an unfriendly manner (frowning, denigrating players). (Trustworthiness): Players will be informed either that the stooge coach is getting paid a substantial amount of cash for this one-off job, or is working for free (Aronson, 1995, pp.80-81). (Placebo): Players will receive irrelevant information about the stooge coach (e.g. where they live and marital status), who will act in neutral fashion (i.e. neither friendly or unfriendly). (Control): No information will be provided about the stooge coach, who will try to act in a neutral fashion. A self-report questionnaire will be used to collect baseline data from players on the following: perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and likeability of the stooge coach, and background variables including prior rugby experience, weight, height and score history. This questionnaire will also be used to assess current (i.e. pre-treatment) motivational levels and perform manipulation checks for each coach variable (i.e. expertise, likeability, trustworthiness). The study will be carried out during a series of rugby matches played in the local area. A ‘Game Day Check List’ (USARFU, 2006) will be used to work out the most appropriate time to brief players. Prior to each match each participating rugby team will be randomly assigned to one experimental condition. Particular attention will be paid to the ‘forwards’ or ‘pack’ (i.e. players 1-8). Players will be asked to complete the baseline questionnaire, as part of a general survey on the profile and interests of rugby players in the UK. They will also be informed about the use of a substitute coach, and given the appropriate background information regarding expertise and trustworthiness. After each match players will complete the baseline questionnaire, and then be debriefed. Data will be analysed using a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), performed on SPSS (Field, 2002). Background variables will be treated as the covariates (i.e. control variables). A local Ethics Committee will review this project. It will conform to ethical guidelines of the British Psychological Society (BPS, 1993). Thus, the study will not involve any unnecessary deception, invasion of privacy, pain, injury, or discomfort, or violation of any legal requirements. Furthermore, all information collected from subjects will be strictly confidential. TIME SCALE The study will be conducted over a 12 month period. Month 1: Pilot study Month 2 to 3: Administration of Stimulus Materials Data Collection Month 4 to 5: SPSS Data Entry, Editing, and Analysis (MANCOVA) Month 6 to 8: Write Up Month 9 + : Dissemination of Findings DISSEMINATION OF FINDINGS Findings will be disseminated through conference presentations and Journal publications. It is planned that a paper will be presented at the 12th European Congress of Sports Psychology (4-7 September, 2007, Halkidiki, Greece). A paper will also be submitted to the Journal of Applied Sports Psychology or British Journal of Sports Medicine or International Journal of Sports Psychology, all of which are particular useful outlets for targeting academic audiences. REFERENCES Abd-Aziz, S.B. (1998) Aggressive tendencies in Malaysian youth soccer: an  examination of individual and contextual factors. Dissertation Abstracts  International: Section A:- Humanities and Social Sciences. 59 (5-B), 2480. Allen, J. Howe, B.L. (1998) Player ability, coach feedback, and female adolescent  athletes’ perceived competence and satisfaction. Journal of Sport Exercise  Psychology 20, pp.280-299. Aronson, E. (1995) The Social Animal. New York: Freeman. BPS (1993) Code of Conduct, Ethical Principles and Guidelines. Leicester: British  Psychological Society. Coolican, H. (1994) Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology. London: Hodder   Stoughton. Cumming, S.P. (2002) A bio-psychosocial investigation of self-determined  motivation in recreational and travel youth soccer programs. Dissertation  Abstracts International: Section A:- Humanities and Social Sciences. 63 (5-A), 1765. Eagly, A.H. Chaiken, S. (1993) The Psychology of Attitudes. Fort Worth, TX:  Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Field, A. (2002) Discovering Statistics using SPSS for Windows. London: Sage. Guivernau-Rojas, M. (2001) The impact of motivational and moral variables on  aggressive tendencies in sport. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section  A:- Humanities and Social Sciences. 62 (6-B), 2990. Lane, A.M., Rodger, J.S.E. Karageorghis, C.L. (1997) Antecedents of state anxiety  in rugby. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 84, pp.427-433. Lui, L. Standing, L.G. (1989) Communicator credibility: trustworthiness defeats  expertness. Social Behaviour Personality. 17, pp. 219-221. Mavi, H.F. (2004) The relationship among dispositional, contextual variables, and  intrinsic motivation in high school teams sports. Dissertation Abstracts  International: Section A:- Humanities and Social Sciences. 65 (3-A), 876. Norman, R. (1976) When what is said is important: a comparison of expert and  attractive sources. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 12, pp.294-300. Pornpitakpan, C. (2004) The persuasiveness of source credibility: a critical review of  five decades’ evidence. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 34, pp.243-281. UK Rugby Football Union (2006) Play [online] RFU Official Site,  http://www.community-rugby.com/communityrugby/index.cfm/Fuseaction/Home.Home/StoryTypeId/98/SectionId/575.cfm [Accessed 31 July 2006] USA Rugby Football Union (2006) USA Rugby [online] Rugby Channel,  http://www.usarugby.org/collegiate/manage/gameDayChecklist.html  [Accessed 1 August 2006]. Tammen, V.V. (1997) Coach and athlete goal orientations: congruence of orientations  and affects on athlete satisfaction and commitment. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section A:- Humanities and Social Sciences. 57 (11-A), 4687. Footnotes [1] UK Rugby Football Union [2] USA Rugby Football Union

Essay --

Drew Rivera English 4 Ms. R. Crow December 11th, 2013 NSA spying, what is it and how can we stop it? The National Security Agency was created in 1952 through a top secret memorandum signed by President Truman. At the time of its creation, the NSA was secretive, with only a few members of Congress knowing about it. Existence of the agency had been a deep secret until it was unveiled in a Senate investigation called the â€Å"Church Committee† in 1975 (2nd Source Title: Timeline of NSA Domestic Spying). The Committee uncovered illegal domestic spying by the NSA, and recommended it make reforms, this was one of the earliest incidents / scandals for the NSA. Prior to that, in 1973 the Supreme Court ruled that warrants are required and that the NSA are to provide the names of all US citizens and residents it wished to monitor. After 9/11, President Bush ordered the NSA to eavesdrop without court approved warrants technically breaking breaking previously set â€Å"rules† on domestic spying. Leaked reports from whistleblower and former NSA contractor Edward Snowden, claims the NSA reviews millions of phone records collected by Verizon (source title: NSA said to be spying on millions of Verizon users.), does this sound legal to you? The NSA collects and keeps record of calls made in the U.S., this includes the phone number of the telephone that is receiving and making the call, and the duration of the call. This is known as â€Å"metadata† it doesn’t include a recording of the call. This information was discovered through a leaked secret court order, that states Verizon is to turn over all information meeting this criteria every day. Phone Companies including AT&T and Sprint, are also said to be giving up records to the NSA on a daily basis. All of... ...vering information about the programs. In that sense, the supposed â€Å"Congressional oversight† seems more like an illusion of accountability. The NSA claims its mission for domestic spying is â€Å"simple† that they are here to : collect, process, and store U.S. citizen data for the good of our nation. They NSA further elaborates that they cope with the overload of information we have in our country and use it to their strategic advantage. This in turn, helps them find new ways to detect, report, and respond to all domestic threats. â€Å"We work through you. For you. For our Nation.†(Source:http://nsa.gov1.info), this means they are trying to justify that spying on civilians is being done for the good of our nation. Though they claim this is for the sake of our nation, does this violate any previously set laws that are in the constitution or amendments in the Bill Of Rights?

The Mystery Of Drear House :: essays research papers

Virginia Hamilton. The Mystery of Drear House. Greenwillow Books, 1987. 217pp   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In concluding her series of stories about the Small family, Virginia Hamilton compliments the original plot perfectly in The Mystery of Drear House. The books dark secrets begin to slowly unveil and are brought to end with a surprising friendship.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book is again set around the house of Dies Eddington Drear, in a current year. The surrounding property and underground tunnels on premises play major roles in defining the plot and motive for the characters bizarre actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main character in the book was Thomas small; he is a young boy about 12 years old. He is shy and timid but is very mature for his age. He sees things for how they should be, and he often gives too much due to his kind-hearted nature. Thomas best friend is Pesty Darrow a girl his age who lives on the property that borders theirs. The Darrows are a feuding family and believe that there is gold buried on the Small’s land. They feel that it should belong to them and pull many risky stunts to try and find it. Mrs. Darrow is Pestys mother and the key to many secrets of the house and the tunnels that were once apart of the Underground Railroad. Due to her mental illness, she cannot speak and remember things clearly. Thomas’s father has known the location of the gold, and being the good man that he is, arranges for the Darrows to find it. He did this so they could live next to each other without feuding.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe Hamilton was trying to show that stubborn people with different ideas can over come one another’s differences. She shows how kindness and letting someone know that your care, and to be able to let the past go can bring even the worst of enemies together.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book in itself was excellent; I thought it explained and answered many questions and brought the story to a sufficient close. I almost wish it wouldn’t have, the mysteries of the house were quite interesting especially with the relevance to the Underground Railroad and the true history behind it, which she incorporated into the plot.

Accounting Equations

ACCOUNTING EQUATIONS 1. Show the accounting equation for the following transaction (i) Ram started business with cash 20000, stock 50000, building 30000 (ii) Sold goods to Amit for cash 20000 and credit 15000 (iii) Paid rent 500 and rent outstanding 150 (iv) Sold goods costing 12000 for Rs. 15000 (v) Accrued commission 2000 (vi) Furniture purchased from Lalit 12000 and paid 3000 in cash (vii) Received from Amit 13500 in full settlement (viii) Insurance paid 15000 for 15 months (ix) Commission received in advance 400 (x) Cash deposited into saving bank a/c 7000 xi) Building purchased and paid by cheque 5000 (xii) Paid to Lalit Rs. 8500 in full settlement 2. Ashita began a business as wholesaler of gloves, scarves and caps. The following events have occurred: (i) On January 1 2003, she invested Rs. 1,50,000 in cash in her new business called â€Å"Winter Gifts† (ii) Acquired Rs. 20,000 goods for cash. (iii) A large retail store in Chandigarh, which she hoped would be a big custo mer, closed its business. (iv) Gloves that cost Rs. 300 in transaction (ii) were of wrong style. She returned them and obtained a full cash refund. (v) She sold her personal savings certificates for Rs. ,000 to acquire machinery for â€Å"Winter Gifts†. (vi) She paid two months’ rent in advance for her office Rs. 5,000 Show the effect of the above transactions on the accounting equation. 3. A summary of the transactions of the business of Suresh are as follows:- Please explain the same in form of equations. 2008 March 1) Suresh began business with Rs. 50,000 in cash. 2) Took a loan of Rs. 20,000 from Manish. 3) Purchased for cash, two computers each costing Rs. 29,000. 4) Purchased supplies of floppy disks and stationery for Rs. 6,000/- on credit. 19) Received a price of Rs. 12,000 in cash for software services. 1) Paid creditor for supplies of Rs. 2,000 29) Paid salaries to employees Rs. 4,000/- and office rent Rs. 1,200/- 30) Deposited Rs. 10,000 in Bank. 31) Withdre w Rs. 3,500 in cash for personal use. 31) Paid Rs. 2,000 in cash for employees general insurance. 4. Ram started business with 10,000, paid into bank 7000, bought goods for cash 500, drew cash from bank for credit 100, sold goods to Krishna goods on credit 150, bought from Shyam goods on credit 225, received from Krishna 145 allowed him discount 5, paid Shyam cash 215 discount allowed 10, cash sales for the month 800, paid rent 50 and paid salary 100. . Ramgopal started business with cash 8000. He bought goods for cash 5000. He sold goods worth Rs. 300 for Rs. 400 to Mr. Manoharlal. Paid into bank Rs. 3000. Bought goods from Mr. Hari Rs. 225. Paid cash to Hari Rs. 215, discount allowed by him Rs. 10 Sold goods worth Rs. 400 for Rs. 450 for cash to Mr. Murali. Received cash from Manohar lal Rs. 360 in full & final settlement, Paid for stationary Rs. 30 Paid for office furniture Rs. 200, Sold goods worth Rs. 90 to Mr. Kailash for Rs. 100. electricity charges Rs. 150. Received from Kai lash Rs. 95. 6. Raju commenced business with cash Rs. 30000 Deposited Rs. 5000 into bank Purchase goods for cash Rs. 12000, credit from Mr. X Rs. 18000 Sold goods for cash Rs. 24000 costing Rs. 18000 Paid rent 300 and rent outstanding Rs. 60 Bought furniture Rs. 3000 on credit from Durian Furniture. Bought refrigerator for personal use Rs. 3000 Purchase building Rs. 12000 Withdrew Rs. 9000 in cash from bank and invested Rs. 4500 in shares of XY & Co. Purchase a second-hand two wheeler for staff Rs. 9000 giving Rs. 3000 in cash and balance through a loan. Sold shares costing Rs. 600 for Rs. 900 Paid Rs. 300 for loan and Rs. 180 for interest Received cash for dividends on shares Rs. 20. 7. Shriram commenced business with cash Rs. 30000, stock Rs. 5000 and building Rs. 50000 Paid rent in advance Rs. 1200 Purchase typewriter Rs. 4200 Bought furniture from Mohan on credit Rs. 1800 Purchase goods from Sohan for cash Rs. 21000 Sold goods to Shyam for cash Rs. 30000 costing Rs. 24000 Bought goods from Ramesh Rs. 28000 Shyam paid Rs. 23500 in full & final settlement. Purchase furniture for Rs. 9000 giving Rs. 1500 in cash and balance through a loan Goods destroyed by fire cost Rs. 300 sale price Rs. 360 Paid half the amount owed to Mohan Sold goods to Ramu for cash Rs. 30000 costing Rs. 4000 Withdrew goods for personal use cost Rs. 300 sale price Rs. 360 Received Rs. 29700 from Ramu in full settlement of his account Paid Rs. 27820 to Ramesh in full settlement Charge depreciation Rs. 180 on furniture 8. The followings are the assets of a business established 10 years back on 1 April 2010: Cash Rs. 1200, Bank Rs. 40800, Stock Rs. 24000, Machinery Rs. 60000, Furniture Rs. 6000 Narayan Bros Rs. 9000, B K Bros Rs. 15000, The following are the liabilities as on that date: Loan Rs. 30000, JK Bros Rs. 12000 The following transactions occurred during the year: Bought goods on credit from SN & Co.Rs. 6000 Sold goods for cash to Dhiraj Rs. 2400 Sold goods to Narayan Bros on credi t Rs. 6000 Received from Narayan Bros in full settlement of the amount due Rs. 8700 Payment made to JK Bros by cheque Rs. 5850. They allowed them discount Rs. 150 Old furniture sold for cash Rs. 600 Bought goods for cash Rs. 4500 B K Bros paid by cheque. Cheque was deposited into the bank Rs. 15000 Paid for repairs to machinery Rs. 600 Bought goods from JK Bros Rs. 6000. Paid carriage on these goods Rs. 300 Received cheque from Narayan Bros. Deposited in the bank Rs. 5700, discount allowed to them Rs. 00 Paid cheque to JK Bros Rs. 6000. Bank intimated that the cheque of Narayan Bros has returned unpaid. Sold goods worth Rs. 2000 for cash Rs. 3000 Withdrew for private use Rs. 150 9. On December 1, Mr. X purchased second hand machinery from Mr J 30000 against a cheque and spent Rs. 300 on its cartage and Rs. 700 on its installation and Rs. 4000 on its repairs December 3 Paid income tax Rs. 2000 December 16 paid insurance in advance Rs. 1600 December 18 Paid rent of building Rs. 12000, half of the building is used by the proprietor for residential use December 20 Paid life insurance premium Rs. 000 December 26 Goods worth Rs. 2000 and cash Rs. 1000 taken away by the proprietor. December 31 Rent due to land lord Rs. 1000 December 31 Due to clerk Rs. 500 Dece,ber 31 Provide depreciation on the same machinery on 20% pa. 10. April 1 Mr. Singh owes Mr. Robert 15000. On the same day Mr. Harmeet owed Mr. Singh 20000. April 4 Mr. Robert sold goods worth 60000 on trade discount 10% to Mr. Singh. April 6 Mr. Singh sold goods worth Rs. 27,000 to Mr. Harmeet priced at Rs. 30000. April 17 Purchase of Rs. 25000 worth of goods from Robert which was sold to Harmeet at a profit Rs. 5000. April 18 Mr.Singh rejected 10% of Robert’s goods for being defective. April 19 Mr. Singh issued a cash bill of Rs. 10000 to Mr. Harmeet who came personally for this assignment of goods urgently needed by him. April 22 Mr. Harmeet cleared half his amount by cheque, due to Mr. Singh enjoying a half % cash discount April 26 Roberts’s total dues were cleared by cheque enjoying a cash discount of Rs. 1000 on the payment made. April 29 Closed Harmeet’s account to record the fact that all but Rs. 5000 was cleared by him by cheque because he was declared insolvent Evaluate the transactions in the books of Mr. Singh using accounting equation. Accounting Equations ACCOUNTING EQUATIONS 1. Show the accounting equation for the following transaction (i) Ram started business with cash 20000, stock 50000, building 30000 (ii) Sold goods to Amit for cash 20000 and credit 15000 (iii) Paid rent 500 and rent outstanding 150 (iv) Sold goods costing 12000 for Rs. 15000 (v) Accrued commission 2000 (vi) Furniture purchased from Lalit 12000 and paid 3000 in cash (vii) Received from Amit 13500 in full settlement (viii) Insurance paid 15000 for 15 months (ix) Commission received in advance 400 (x) Cash deposited into saving bank a/c 7000 xi) Building purchased and paid by cheque 5000 (xii) Paid to Lalit Rs. 8500 in full settlement 2. Ashita began a business as wholesaler of gloves, scarves and caps. The following events have occurred: (i) On January 1 2003, she invested Rs. 1,50,000 in cash in her new business called â€Å"Winter Gifts† (ii) Acquired Rs. 20,000 goods for cash. (iii) A large retail store in Chandigarh, which she hoped would be a big custo mer, closed its business. (iv) Gloves that cost Rs. 300 in transaction (ii) were of wrong style. She returned them and obtained a full cash refund. (v) She sold her personal savings certificates for Rs. ,000 to acquire machinery for â€Å"Winter Gifts†. (vi) She paid two months’ rent in advance for her office Rs. 5,000 Show the effect of the above transactions on the accounting equation. 3. A summary of the transactions of the business of Suresh are as follows:- Please explain the same in form of equations. 2008 March 1) Suresh began business with Rs. 50,000 in cash. 2) Took a loan of Rs. 20,000 from Manish. 3) Purchased for cash, two computers each costing Rs. 29,000. 4) Purchased supplies of floppy disks and stationery for Rs. 6,000/- on credit. 19) Received a price of Rs. 12,000 in cash for software services. 1) Paid creditor for supplies of Rs. 2,000 29) Paid salaries to employees Rs. 4,000/- and office rent Rs. 1,200/- 30) Deposited Rs. 10,000 in Bank. 31) Withdre w Rs. 3,500 in cash for personal use. 31) Paid Rs. 2,000 in cash for employees general insurance. 4. Ram started business with 10,000, paid into bank 7000, bought goods for cash 500, drew cash from bank for credit 100, sold goods to Krishna goods on credit 150, bought from Shyam goods on credit 225, received from Krishna 145 allowed him discount 5, paid Shyam cash 215 discount allowed 10, cash sales for the month 800, paid rent 50 and paid salary 100. . Ramgopal started business with cash 8000. He bought goods for cash 5000. He sold goods worth Rs. 300 for Rs. 400 to Mr. Manoharlal. Paid into bank Rs. 3000. Bought goods from Mr. Hari Rs. 225. Paid cash to Hari Rs. 215, discount allowed by him Rs. 10 Sold goods worth Rs. 400 for Rs. 450 for cash to Mr. Murali. Received cash from Manohar lal Rs. 360 in full & final settlement, Paid for stationary Rs. 30 Paid for office furniture Rs. 200, Sold goods worth Rs. 90 to Mr. Kailash for Rs. 100. electricity charges Rs. 150. Received from Kai lash Rs. 95. 6. Raju commenced business with cash Rs. 30000 Deposited Rs. 5000 into bank Purchase goods for cash Rs. 12000, credit from Mr. X Rs. 18000 Sold goods for cash Rs. 24000 costing Rs. 18000 Paid rent 300 and rent outstanding Rs. 60 Bought furniture Rs. 3000 on credit from Durian Furniture. Bought refrigerator for personal use Rs. 3000 Purchase building Rs. 12000 Withdrew Rs. 9000 in cash from bank and invested Rs. 4500 in shares of XY & Co. Purchase a second-hand two wheeler for staff Rs. 9000 giving Rs. 3000 in cash and balance through a loan. Sold shares costing Rs. 600 for Rs. 900 Paid Rs. 300 for loan and Rs. 180 for interest Received cash for dividends on shares Rs. 20. 7. Shriram commenced business with cash Rs. 30000, stock Rs. 5000 and building Rs. 50000 Paid rent in advance Rs. 1200 Purchase typewriter Rs. 4200 Bought furniture from Mohan on credit Rs. 1800 Purchase goods from Sohan for cash Rs. 21000 Sold goods to Shyam for cash Rs. 30000 costing Rs. 24000 Bought goods from Ramesh Rs. 28000 Shyam paid Rs. 23500 in full & final settlement. Purchase furniture for Rs. 9000 giving Rs. 1500 in cash and balance through a loan Goods destroyed by fire cost Rs. 300 sale price Rs. 360 Paid half the amount owed to Mohan Sold goods to Ramu for cash Rs. 30000 costing Rs. 4000 Withdrew goods for personal use cost Rs. 300 sale price Rs. 360 Received Rs. 29700 from Ramu in full settlement of his account Paid Rs. 27820 to Ramesh in full settlement Charge depreciation Rs. 180 on furniture 8. The followings are the assets of a business established 10 years back on 1 April 2010: Cash Rs. 1200, Bank Rs. 40800, Stock Rs. 24000, Machinery Rs. 60000, Furniture Rs. 6000 Narayan Bros Rs. 9000, B K Bros Rs. 15000, The following are the liabilities as on that date: Loan Rs. 30000, JK Bros Rs. 12000 The following transactions occurred during the year: Bought goods on credit from SN & Co.Rs. 6000 Sold goods for cash to Dhiraj Rs. 2400 Sold goods to Narayan Bros on credi t Rs. 6000 Received from Narayan Bros in full settlement of the amount due Rs. 8700 Payment made to JK Bros by cheque Rs. 5850. They allowed them discount Rs. 150 Old furniture sold for cash Rs. 600 Bought goods for cash Rs. 4500 B K Bros paid by cheque. Cheque was deposited into the bank Rs. 15000 Paid for repairs to machinery Rs. 600 Bought goods from JK Bros Rs. 6000. Paid carriage on these goods Rs. 300 Received cheque from Narayan Bros. Deposited in the bank Rs. 5700, discount allowed to them Rs. 00 Paid cheque to JK Bros Rs. 6000. Bank intimated that the cheque of Narayan Bros has returned unpaid. Sold goods worth Rs. 2000 for cash Rs. 3000 Withdrew for private use Rs. 150 9. On December 1, Mr. X purchased second hand machinery from Mr J 30000 against a cheque and spent Rs. 300 on its cartage and Rs. 700 on its installation and Rs. 4000 on its repairs December 3 Paid income tax Rs. 2000 December 16 paid insurance in advance Rs. 1600 December 18 Paid rent of building Rs. 12000, half of the building is used by the proprietor for residential use December 20 Paid life insurance premium Rs. 000 December 26 Goods worth Rs. 2000 and cash Rs. 1000 taken away by the proprietor. December 31 Rent due to land lord Rs. 1000 December 31 Due to clerk Rs. 500 Dece,ber 31 Provide depreciation on the same machinery on 20% pa. 10. April 1 Mr. Singh owes Mr. Robert 15000. On the same day Mr. Harmeet owed Mr. Singh 20000. April 4 Mr. Robert sold goods worth 60000 on trade discount 10% to Mr. Singh. April 6 Mr. Singh sold goods worth Rs. 27,000 to Mr. Harmeet priced at Rs. 30000. April 17 Purchase of Rs. 25000 worth of goods from Robert which was sold to Harmeet at a profit Rs. 5000. April 18 Mr.Singh rejected 10% of Robert’s goods for being defective. April 19 Mr. Singh issued a cash bill of Rs. 10000 to Mr. Harmeet who came personally for this assignment of goods urgently needed by him. April 22 Mr. Harmeet cleared half his amount by cheque, due to Mr. Singh enjoying a half % cash discount April 26 Roberts’s total dues were cleared by cheque enjoying a cash discount of Rs. 1000 on the payment made. April 29 Closed Harmeet’s account to record the fact that all but Rs. 5000 was cleared by him by cheque because he was declared insolvent Evaluate the transactions in the books of Mr. Singh using accounting equation.